SOUDA TRAVEL GUIDE

CHANIA > ARCHAEOLOGY

ARCHAEOLOGY

Aptera

The archaeological site of Aptera is about 10 km from Souda. It was established during the geometric period, around about the 8th century B.C. Its peak was during the Hellenic period with political and trading activities. The town is referred to in the Linear B tablets of Knossos as A-pa-ta-wa.

During the Roman period it became mainly an agricultural centre. It was destroyed by an earthquake during the 7th centuryB.C. During the 12th century A.D. the Monastery of St John the Theologian was established there.

Lissos

Ancient Lissos was an important spa town in historical times of Crete. It was destroyed in the 9th century A.D. and never rebuilt.

From Byzantium times onwards the area has been used for agriculture and stock breeding by the churches of Agios Kyrkou and the Virgin Mary which were built over the Early Christian basilca. Excavations on the site took place during the period 1957-8.

Kydonia

The modern city of Chania is built on the ancient town of Kydonia, listed as Ky-do-ni-ja on the Linear B tablets. Legend has it that it was one of the three towns established by King Minos.

Homer refers to the Kydonians as one of the five Cretan ‘tribes’ while Stravonas refers to Kydonia as the 3rd largest town on Crete.

From 1966 onwards there have been continued excavations and finds are to be seen in the Archaeological Museum of Chania.

Frangokastello Fortress

This Venetian Fortress was built in a rectangular form with square towers on its sides; the gate has the lion of St Mark wearing a Venetian royal crown. The interior and the battlements were built during the Turkish occupation when there were many raids.

Below the fortress are the ruins of the church of St Mark. The fortress was erected in 1371 to protect the cove from pirate attacks. Its use during the Venetian period was minor and prior to the Turkish invasion it was abandoned.

In 1828, it was destroyed and its towers left in ruins whilst in the hands of the Cretan revolutionaries.

Folklore has it that during the second 15 days in May, under certain weather conditions, black shadows appear of the Cretan revolutionaries that lost their lives there in the fight for freedom going towards the Frangokastello Fortress. Locals name these shadows as ‘dews’.

Close to the fortress is the church of Agios Nikita built in 1371, where there are traces of old Christian relics.

Falasarna

Ancient Falasarnas is at the base of the western peninsula of Gramvoussa. The area was inhabited from the mid-Minoan period to the 1st century B.C., when the Romans sealed the entrance to its port because it was used by pirates as a base.

English archaeologists explored the town during the 19th century and found traces of the closed port. From 1986 onwards there have been systematic explorations to establish the extent of the port environs.

Polyrrinia

The town of Polyrrinia was strong during the Hellenic period. The town was located at a height that gave panoramic views towards the Cretan and Libyan Seas.

It is believed to have been founded in the prehistoric era. The writer. Stravona. refers to it as being founded by neighbouring inhabitants in ancient times. It had close affiliations with Hellenic towns such as Sparta, Milos, Rhodes, Thiva and with areas that are outside today’s borders such as Ionias and Egypt.

As the town was an enemy of Knossos and Kydonia, it did not take part in the battles against the Romans thus avoiding being pillaged.